The beauty of sheep is their versatility - they can be integrated into multiple spaces within the built environment and surrounding landscapes. These “sheepscape” typologies include the following: places of cultural significance, ecological management, maintenance in tricky spaces, agriculture, recreation, athletics, and therapy/support.
Here are a few examples to get started.
Places of Cultural Significance
Integrating sheep grazing into an well known site imbues a sustainable management that further elevates the interest and attraction of the monuments. These benefits are magnified in sites where incorporation of modern day sheep grazing calls to attention these practices as historically and culturally significant.
-
Artifact Restoration & Management
Uncovering artifacts buried by centuries of plant growth requires extensive human labor. However, manual labor and power tools can be replaced by environmentally friendly grazers that will munch away the overgrowth while reducing the risk of damage to delicate historical artworks and monuments. Multiple grazing species can be utilized in different areas and phases by adapting the animals according to types of vegetation, temperament, scale etc.
Example:
Grazing Goats and Sheep Help Uncover Historic Headstones in Ireland -
Art Exhibit
The grazing sheep may become a present day art exhibit themselves. Dyes, chalks, and other markers are used by sheep keepers for many practical purposes, such as indicating ownership, signaling fertilization, and keeping track of veterinary treatments. Creative use of existing materials can result in whimsical exhibitions.
Examples:
Artist Alison Cooper paints on sheep for new work at Yorkshire Sculpture Park -
Inclusion in Places with Significant Historical Precedent
Beginning in 1918, sheep were used to mow the White House Lawn in an effort to save manpower when the United States entered World War I. Frederick Law Olmsted advocated for the inclusion of sheep for park maintenance and designed parts of Central Park (“Sheep Meadow”) specifically to include grazing sheep. Reintroducing sheep grazing adds education and historical significance in the definition of “multi-functional landscaping”.
Examples:
Sheep Shearing on the National Mall
1929 Film Shows Lambs Grazing in Prospect Park
What happened to the sheep of Central Park?
Ecological Management
Proper management of the ecological environment is essential for maintaining a habitable world. However, the management of large swathes of land is impossible by hand or modern day machinery. Nonetheless, management practices of these areas are critical, not only for aesthetics, but the prevention of catastrophes such as forest fires and devastation of riparian landscapes. Sheep grazing offers potential contributions.
-
Steep Slope Vegetation Management
Sheep grazing is a far cheaper and safer alternative for managing lawns and other urban landscapes along steep slopes, notably the large swaths of land along highways. Famously, sheep in the Netherlands are used along the steep slope of dikes.
Example:
Sheep Do the Job at ‘EweML’ -
Fire Management
Targeted grazing effectively reduces fuel loads of grasses and shrubs, resulting in a reduction of the severity and extent of wildfires. Specific treatment types can be applied by utilizing a variety of livestock species in addition to sheep, including goats and cattle–each having differing dietary and grazing habits.
Example:
Grazing for Fire Prevention
Flocks of sheep are the firefighting solution we never knew we needed -
Grassland, Rangeland, and Riparian Restoration
Riparian landscapes are not easy to access through traditional management practices and tools. Often, the best option for restoration lies not in technological innovation, but in more labor intensive methods. Fortunately, sheep are better capable of traversing these terrains than machines and are eager weed eaters.
Example:
Compatibility of Livestock Grazing and Recreational Use on Coastal California Public Lands
Management of Tricky Urban Spaces
Sheep grazing as landscape management is not restricted to ecological spaces. Many built environments suffer from maintenance difficulties, reducing appeal and/or effectiveness, as well as driving up management costs. The sheep’s diverse appetite and smaller stature offer an intriguing and effective alternative.
-
Solar Field Grazing
Sheep are uniquely suited for the management of photo-voltaic farms. Cows and horses are too large, and thus prone to damaging the solar panels. And, unlike sheep, goats are inclined to chew on foreign objects such as wires. Since sheep eat a diverse variety of forage, they will happily trim the grasses in hard to reach spaces (while taking advantage of the shade offered by the solar panels). Additionally, the solar fields provide forage for a growing demand in the domestic sheep market.
Examples:
Grazing season begins at Susquehanna University
Electric sheep: Grazing in arrays supports economy, climate -
Green Roof Maintenance
Green roofs are increasingly dotting the skylines of crowded cites. In addition to reintroducing greenery into urbanized landscapes, green roofs are also being used to support urban agriculture. Small flocks of sheep have been historically used to maintain green roofs - it’s a cost saving vegetation management strategy and health and well-being booster for employees and families living and working nearby.
Example:
Sheep graze the roof at green sports centre in Preston -
Graveyard Stewardship
Overgrown spaces require significant amounts of manual labor. The nature of graveyards reduces the simplicity of landscape management. Compared to manual and mechanical practices, sheep grazing is an ecologically friendly means of saving on labor costs as well as reducing the risk of property damage.
Examples:
Sheep grazing at NYC church cemetery keep grounds tidy
Letting sheep graze on consecrated ground is not disrespectful, diocesan Chancellor rules
Agricultural
Agriculture is the practice that includes the cultivation of soil, growing of crops, and rearing of livestock, to produce foods, fabrics, and other goods. While managing both livestock and land, farmers realized that a symbiotic relationship between sheep and certain crops could enhance management methods.
-
Hops Management & Themed Breweries
Mature hop vines are thick enough to be unharmed by grazing sheep. Sheep can therefore be used to replace conventional weeding, pest control, and management methods in hop yards and reduce overall labor and material costs. In addition, the growing popularity of craft breweries and hop yards creates a unique opportunity to attract visitors by incorporating grazing sheep.
Examples:
Using Sheep to Weed Hop Yards
Sheep are the secret weapon for one local craft brewery -
Vineyard Maintenance
Sheep grazing in vineyards has become a popular alternative to both mowing and the application of herbicides and pesticides. Grazing is a cost efficient way to inhibit weed growth, introduce organic fertilization, and improve soil structure. Sheep can be trained/conditioned to avoid certain plants. Some species will naturally avoid vines in favor of more palatable vegetation.
Examples:
Trained ovines chomp on weeds, avoid vines
Ecological and economic benefits of integrating sheep into viticulture production
How Grazing Sheep Can Benefit Your Vineyard -
Orchard Management
Similar to hops and vineyard management, sheep grazing in orchards can reduce operational costs and the use of chemicals for maintenance. It is worth taking into consideration, however, that a sheep’s affinity for sweet fruits (like apples) may outweigh any operational benefits.
Examples:
Targeted Grazing with Sheep and Goats in Orchard Settings
Athletics
The maintenance of natural grass athletic fields is difficult and costly. Chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides are abundantly used in order to maintain standards. In addition, the sheer size of athletic fields and land requires extensive human labor. The introduction of sheep grazing can assist with the mitigation of chemical supplementation use and intensive or difficult manual labor. They may also provide another source of entertainment in these fields.
-
Golf Course Management
As natural lawnmowers, sheep are useful in the area of grass bordering the fairway known as the rough, which is deliberately kept longer than the fairway grass. Sheep can help preserve rare and protected species in this zone, while keeping back weedy ones. An additional benefit is the added company of these wooly friends on the golf course.
Examples:
The Sheep Becomes a Crowd Favourite in Golf
Sheep are taking over golf courses due to the lack of greenkeepers
Sheep: The Once and Future Kings of Golf Course Design -
Management of Natural Turf Sports Fields
The challenge of maintaining natural turf sports fields is maintaining a dense turf cover that can withstand/outgrow the damage accrued from use and play. The natural fertilization and aeration provided by grazers can be used to supplement the management of these fields.
-
Summer Ski Slope Management
The steeply vegetated slopes of a ski hill in summer are perfect for sheep grazing. This management method doubles as a tourist attraction during the months when skiing is not possible.
Examples:
Seven Children, Thousands of Sheep and a Famous Ski Resort
Goats, sheep trim Bousquet Ski Area's slopes
Recreation
These adorable, fluffy, gentle creatures are a natural candidate to be included in various recreational activities that encourage participants to both amuse and admire sheep in action, as well as become educated/experienced with sheep in an ever urbanizing world.
-
State & County Fair Competitions
Sheep are often raised by students involved in 4-H or Future Farmers of America to compete in livestock competitions at county and state fairs. Livestock are judged on their degree of muscling, frame size, and quality of wool, among other traits.
-
Resort & Urban Park Maintenance
Sheep are increasingly being brought in to maintain recreational areas such as resorts and urban parks. In addition to cutting back poolside lawnscapes and removing harmful weeds from dog parks, sheep provide the added benefit of attracting visitors to a site (and boosting its social media presence!).
Example:
Let Them Eat Grass: Paris Employs Sheep As Eco-Mowers -
Petting Zoos
A staple of toddler entertainment, petting zoos let children interact with farm animals such as sheep and lambs. Sheep that have been bottle-fed as babies or raised surrounded by people tend to enjoy the sociability of a petting zoo.
Food & Beverage
The reality of livestock, like sheep, is that most are reared to be consumed. Growing social movements have encouraged people to reduce meat consumption. An additional approach is to educate people through the personal experience of being amongst sheep and experiencing part of the agricultural process. People can experience both the mental and physical benefits of being around livestock, as well as become aware and educated on the process of what goes on in their meat consumption.
-
Farm to Table Restaurants
Farm to table is a social movement where restaurants source their ingredients from local farms, usually through direct acquisition from a nearby farmer. Livestock, like sheep, are sustainably and humanely raised before being sold directly to the restaurant.
Example:
The Valais black nose sheep -
Sheep Cafe
In recent years, themed cafes have continued to grow in popularity. “Pet Cafes” have even garnered international attention. Given that studies have shown sheep to be effective companion animals that positively affect health and well-being, it should surprise no one when sheep cafes start popping up on every corner.
Example:
This Sheep Cafe In Korea Shares Viral Photos Of A Sheep Getting Washed -
Butchering Workshops
With an increasing focus on sustainable agricultural practices, the demand for whole-animal butchery skills has been on the rise. Classes cover basics of butchery: tools and equipment, basic anatomy and meat cuts, food prep, and care.
Service/Therapy
These landscaping services and health benefits can be tailored to the individual needs as well. Spice up your front lawn and the psychiatric ward’s therapy session by incorporating sheep!
-
Roving Residential Mowing Service
The lawn of an average suburban family home requires weekly maintenance. Since it is not feasible for most homeowners to purchase a flock of sheep, a roving residential sheep mowing service can provide families with the specialized trimming, fertilization, and aeration services they require. And they can do so in an environmentally friendly and labor-saving way!
Examples:
Sheep Lawn Mowers, and Other Go-Getters
Natural lawn mowers -
Therapy Animals
Similar to therapy dogs, cats, and horses, therapy sheep can be utilized in hospitals, psychiatric facilities, retirement communities, halfway houses, etc. And, in stark contrast to traditional pharmaceutical treatments, therapy sheep can provide patients with chemical-free mental health and well-being benefits.
Examples:
Masham: Therapy sheep help woman's cancer recovery
Therapy sheep spreads love to homeless and seniors
Why people are flocking online for Scottish 'therapy sheep' -